Distributed Systems

Patterns for building systems that span multiple nodes: consensus, replication, partitioning, and failure handling.

Consensus	Raft, Paxos — leader election and log replication
Replication	Leader-follower, multi-primary, quorum reads/writes
Partitioning	Hash sharding, range sharding, consistent hashing
CRDTs	Conflict-free data structures for eventual consistency
Failure modes	Partial failures, split-brain, network partitions

See also: System Design → Fundamentals for CAP theorem and consistency models.